S-92 HELIBUS™
Background
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You must be 18 years old to visit this site. Please verify your age. Deck 92 After leaving the elevator and arriving on the deck's construction site, Steele and Saendra will immediately encounter a gang of Black Void assassins. Because of the setting, the entire battle will take place in 'Pitch Black', decreasing aim and reflexes by 33%. Losing in battle will lead to a bad end. Trials in Tainted Space. Contribute to Eliria/Trials-in-Tainted-Space development by creating an account on GitHub.
The S-92 Helibus was designed and developed during the 1990 decade to serve as both a commercial passenger carrier and as a military troop/cargo carrier. Its initial design was intended to take advantage of the both the proven technologies of the Black Hawk models as well as the four million flight hours accumulated on the H-60 series at that point in their history. The H-60 dynamic system in particular had reached a proven high level of durability as a result of this extensive operating service experience. However, the initial design of the S-92 using the then existing H-60 propulsion and dynamic systems mated to an enlarged fuselage proved to be too limited in useful load capability. This limitation was created by a combination of the higher weight of a new airframe designed to carry 19 passengers and to the structural limitation of a 22,000 pound gross weight imposed by the existing H-60 dynamic system.
Because these limitations imposed too great a penalty on speed and range performance, the decision was made to redesign and upgrade the basic H-60 dynamic system where needed to achieve a mission gross weight closer to 25,000 pounds while at the same time designing the dynamic components to meet newly issued FAA requirements regarding damage tolerance for commercial helicopters. That effort was so successful that Sikorsky was awarded the 2002 Collier Trophy by the National Aeronautics Association acknowledging its achievements in safety, operating cost and traveling comfort. The S-92 design benefited from many new technologies that together represented a new helicopter generation. Chief among these were the advanced rotor blade that employed improved airfoil design and blade tip configuration as well as a fully composite material spar and a fully damage tolerant main rotor head design. In addition, Sikorsky's new Active Vibration Control System provided much reduced vibration levels throughout the operation aircraft and rotor speed ranges. Significant cockpit display system improvements helped improve aircraft safety and reduced pilot workload. The reader should note that the S-92 and its derivative models were still in production at the time that this model history was prepared. As a result, changes to the design, equipment, features, weights and performance described herein are likely to take place as this model becomes further developed and improved. For current information on the S-92 Program, go to the Sikorsky web site at http://www.sikorsky.com/Index
S-92 Development Timeline
- June 1995: Sikorsky and five international partners introduced the S-92 during the Paris Air Show.
- August 1998: The ground test vehicle, Aircraft No. 1, made its first run.
- November 20, 1998: The first flight worthy version, Aircraft No. 2 was delivered to the Sikorsky Development Flight Center in West Palm Beach, Florida.
- December 23, 1998: The S-92 took to the air for the first time in West Palm Beach. The No. 2 helicopter made eight takeoffs and landings during its 50-minute inaugural flight.
- October 19, 1999: Aircraft No. 3, the second S-92 to fly, joined the flight test program.
- January 25, 2000: Sikorsky signed the S-92's launch customer, Halifax, Nova Scotia based Cougar Helicopters, and offshore oil support operator.
- October 10, 2000: The S-92's engine, the General Electric CT7-8 turboshaft, received FAA certification.
- February 8, 2001: The first S–92 to incorporate customer inspired design changes made its first flight at West Palm Beach.
- October 5, 2001: The first S–92 in the final production configuration, which included the Rockwell Collins glass cockpit, made its first flight at Sikorsky headquarters in Stratford, Connecticut.
- April 9, 2002: The military variant, incorporating major structural enhancements and systems upgrades, flew for the first time at West Palm Beach.
- December 19, 2002: Sikorsky received FAA type certification for the S-92 after compiling 1,570 test flight hours.
- August 2003: Full-aircraft HIRF testing for JAA Certification began at Patuxent River ,Maryland
- June 8, 2004 Sikorsky received European Joint Aviation Authorities JAR Part 29 certification
- September 27, 2004: Initial delivery was at Heli-Expo 2004 show in Las Vegas
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The Sikorsky S-92 commercial model was unveiled at Heli-Expo '92 in Las Vegas, Nevada on March 22, 1992. The mockup had a 19 passenger airline style interior and a five-tube (each eight by seven inches) Honeywell Electronic Flight Information Systems (EFIS) flight deck. The mockup was fitted with a new rotor that was based on the UH-60 BLACK HAWK. Offshore oil exploration was the primary target for the S-92. Scheduled airlines and general utility duties were also being targeted. A 23 seat military version of the proposed helicopter, a growth derivative of Sikorsky's H-60 family, was also being shown to potential customers in full size model form.
S-92Debut at Heli-Expo'92 in Las Vegas
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S-92 Military Derivative Full Scale mockup
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A decision on the future of the S-92 would be made by the end of this year. The required Customer interest did not develop and in 1993 Sikorsky postponed launching the S-92 due to the international helicopter market downturn and instead began searching for international risk sharing partners.
Team S-92
A new era began June12th 1995 at the Paris Air Show with the formal launch announcement of the full scale development of the Sikorsky S-92 HELIBUS™ with six international team members. Full scale development of the S-92 commenced.
Serving as the leader of Team S-92, Sikorsky designed and manufactures the aircraft's dynamic systems and carried out final assembly, flight test, and certification. Each international partner performed the detail design work for its section of the aircraft based on basic data supplied by Sikorsky. Partners were responsible for all tooling planning and tooling, and provided 5 prototype shipsets, specific test pieces, and all required spare parts to support the flight test program. Members included the following risk sharing partners:
- Japan's Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (7.5% - main cabin)
- Spain's Gamesa Aeronautica (7% - main rotor pylon, tailcone/transition section and composite interiors),
- Peoples Republic of China's Jingdezhen Helicopter Group (2% - tail pylon and horizontal stabilizer)
- Taiwan's Aero Industrial Development Corporation (AIDC) (6.5% - Cockpit Structure)
- Brazil's Embraer (4% - sponsons complete with fuel system and landing gear).
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.S-92 Build Components
Telecommunications between partners played a vital role for Team S-92. A satellite communications network linked all partners. Three-dimensional electronic models were posted by the Sikorsky drawing release system over the network. All drawings were digital CATIA (Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application) drawings with real time interface with all partners. To assist in the development and manufacturing processes for the separate sections of the helicopter, Sikorsky personnel were stationed with each of the international partners. Each team was assigned an On-Site Partner Manager plus quality assurance, operations, logistics, manufacturing engineering, and various engineering design and analysis staff members as required. Complementing the international efforts of our partners were the Integrated Product Development (IPD) Teams based at the Sikorsky Stratford, Connecticut Facility. The IPD Teams were responsible for the aircraft's dynamic systems, electrical/electronic systems, systems engineering, systems integration and test.
The major subcontractors were General Electric (CT7-8D turboshaft engines), Rockwell Collins (Avionics Management System (AMS)), and Hamilton Sundstrand (Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS)).
Sikorsky built five prototype S-92s, one for ground testing and four flight test aircraft.
- #1 aircraft, the ground test vehicle, was scheduled for 350 hours including 200 hours to certify the main gearbox.
- #2 aircraft, the first flight aircraft, was scheduled for 340 hours of flying
- #3 aircraft was closest to the production aircraft and focused on the aircraft's operating systems. These systems included the auxiliary power unit, the engines Full Authority Digital Electronic Controls (FADEC), Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and engine development.
- #4 aircraft was the acoustics and options development platform and scheduled for 124 hours of flying.
- #5 aircraft, a utility configured aircraft was scheduled for 480 hours of flying at maximum gross weight and external load testing
The first flight was on December 23 1998 at the Sikorsky Development Flight Center in West Palm Beach, Florida. The 50 minute maiden flight consisted of 8 takeoffs and landings including hover, forward, and sideward flight maneuvers.
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S-92 First flight December23, 1998
As originally envisioned the S-92 was to combine upgraded dynamic system components of the H-60/S-70 series with a larger cabin. However, in order to provide competitive performance in the commercial market, the S-92 is essentially an all new helicopter, with larger, composite construction, swept, tapered and anhedral tipped main rotor blades, new tail rotor, and a new four stage transmission based on the three stage S-70 unit.
The flaw-tolerant hub and yoke design provided unlimited life and improved safety, and the main gearbox incorporated advanced corrosion-resistant materials and coatings | Unlimited life main rotor blades incorporate composite spar technology and utilize a swept, tapered anhedral tip. This design provided improved lift and maneuverability |
Anti-torque control was provided by unlimited life tail rotor blades with bearingless composite flexbeam. Pitch control links used elastomeric bearings | The S-92 main transmission featured a unique planetary gear system, and |
Some 40% of the aircraft was of composite construction. The S-92's main cabin was wider and longer than the S-70's and featured a rear loading freight ramp, while the cockpit featured a Rockwell Collins EFIS system with four color liquid crystal displays, with provision for a fifth. Power was from two FADEC equipped General Electric CT7-8D turboshaft engines.
Design changes announced in July 2000 in response to customer requests included a 16 inch increase in cabin length aft of the cockpit to permit installation of a 50 inch wide cabin door to improve hoisting capability and to accommodate a Stokes litter during SAR operations; reduction in the length of tail rotor pylon by about 41 inches to offset additional weight of cabin extension; and the horizontal stabilizer was repositioned from the left side opposite the tail rotor to the right side at the base of the tail rotor pylon. These changes provided additional benefits in creating an improved fold configuration for shipboard operations, increased bird strike protection deriving from the relocation of tail rotor drive shaft and controls aft of the tail spar, and a flatter hover attitude arising from a forward shift of the helicopter center of gravity, improving visibility for confined space and shipboard landing, and increasing aft fuselage ground clearance. The revised configuration was incorporated from the third prototype and on all production aircraft.
Configuration Features
Airframe
Cockpit
| Powerplant and fuel system
Rotor and drive system
| Electrical
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Advanced Cockpit and Onboard Systems
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S-92 Instrument Panel
The S-92cockpit features a Rockwell Collins avionics package that displays flight-critical data on six-inch by eight-inch, color, liquid-crystal, multifunction displays and includes dual flight-management systems with integrated control of the flight director. The instrument panel was reduced in width, compared with earlier designs, to improve the pilots' field of view. Situational awareness also can be enhanced through the addition of weather radar data with a flight path overlay, a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) system and a digital moving map. The cockpit is night-vision-goggle-compatible and can simulate one engine-inoperative conditions for training purposes. Other key cockpit systems include an Engine Indicating Caution Advisory System (EICAS) and a Honeywell Enhanced Ground-Proximity Warning System (EGPWS).
General Arrangement Drawing
S-92 3-view Drawing
Mission Systems
S-92 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
Airframe and Rotors
- Overhead cockpit windows
- Full sliding door
- Sliding upper cabin door, right side
- Sliding cabin window, left-side, forward
- Jettisonable cabin windows
- 200 psf cabin floor
- Tail pylon pullout steps
- Air conditioning system
- Cold weather heat system
- Main and tail rotor blade ice protection system
Furnishings
- Jumpseat (cockpit observer)
- Utility type soft cabin interior
- Crashworthy, side-facing, fold-up utility seats (up to 22)
Propulsion/Fuel Systems
Electrical Systems/Lighting
- High intensity search light
- Helicopter Emergency Egress Lighting (HEEL) for emergency exits and optional pushout windows
- Lower anti-collision light
- Logo lights
- Recognition lights
- Rotor head inspection light
- Emergency floor lighting
Avionics
- Fifth color display 6' x 8' LCD (center position on instrument panel)
- SAR AFCS upgrade with coupled search patterns AFCS Crew Hover
- Universal flight management system (UNS-1ESP) with GPS
- TCAS I (Traffic Collision Avoidance System)
- Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS)
- SATCOM (Satellite Communications
- FLIR (Forward Looking Infra-Red)
- Loudhailer
Special Mission Equipment
- Cargo hook (10,000 lb capacity)
- Up to 16 litter medical evacuation kit
Floor roller system
- Ramp roller system
- Ramp cargo flippers
- Cargo loading winch
- Single rescue hoist
- (1-full capability 600 lb, 320 fpm)
- Dual rescue hoists (2-full capability, 600 lb, 320 fpm)
- Deployable emergency locator beacon
- Jettisonable forward sponson mounted life rafts (14/21 person)
- Cabin cargo tiedown rings
- Wire strike protection
General Characteristics and Performance
PERFORMANCE
Standard Day, Sea Level at 26,150 lb/11,861 kg gross weight
Maximum speed (Vne) | 165 kts 306 km/hr | |
Maximum continuous cruise speed | 153 kts 284 km/hr | |
Long range cruise speed | 139 kts 258 km/hr | |
Range: offshore configuration (3,000 ft, ISA plus 10°C.) | ||
- with 19 passengers and 30-minutes reserve plus 10% | 444 nm 823 km | |
- with 19 passengers and no reserve | 544 nm 1,008 km | |
Maximum range with internal auxiliary fuel (370 gallons) | 726 nm 1,345 km | |
Service ceiling | 15,000 ft 4,572 m | |
Hover ceiling out-of-ground effect | 7,125 ft 2,172 m | |
Hover ceiling in-ground effect | 11,320 ft 3,450 m |
WEIGHTS
Maximum takeoff gross weight, civil configuration | |
- internal load | 26,150 lb 11,861 kg |
- external load | 28,300 lb 12,837 kg |
Maximum external load | 10,000 lb 4,536 kg |
Weight empty, offshore oil | 15,900 lb 7,212 kg |
Weight empty, airline | 15,600 lb 7,076 kg |
Weight empty, search and rescue | 16,200 lb 7,348 kg |
Weight empty, 10-place executive transport | 17,200 lb 7,801 kg |
Maximum fuel load, (internal, standard) | 5,130 lb 2,327 kg |
GENERAL DATA
Crew seating capacity | 2 |
Seating capacity, airline-style seating | 19-24 passengers |
Seating capacity, utility side facing seating | 22 passengers |
Baggage compartment volume | 140 cu ft 4.0 cu m |
Fuel capacity (internal, standard) | 760 US gal 2,877 L |
POWERPLANT RATINGS
per engine, Standard Day at Sea Level
Engine quantity and type Two General Electric CT7-8A | |
Twin engine takeoff, 5 minutes | 2,520 shp 1,879 kw |
Twin engine, 30 minutes | 2,336 shp 1,742 kw |
Maximum continuous | 2,043 shp 1,524 kw |
OEI, 30 seconds | 2,600 shp 1,912 kw |
OEI, 2 minutes | 2,520 shp 1,879 kw |
OEI, 30 minutes | 2,498 shp 1,863 kw |
AIRCRAFT DIMENSIONS
Main rotor diameter (blade tip circle) | 56' 4' 17.17 m |
Tail rotor diameter (blade tip circle) | 11' 0' 3.35 m |
Fuselage length | 56' 2' 17.10 m |
Fuselage width | 14' 2' 4.32 m |
Length over-all (including rotors) | 68' 6' 20.88 m |
Height over-all | |
- to tip of tail rotor, positioned vertically | 17' 11' 5.47 m |
- to tip of tail rotor, positioned diagonally | 16' 10' 5.12 m |
Width (including horizontal stabilizer) | 17' 3' 5.26 m |
Width (blades parked at 45° to fuselage) | 40' 0' 12.36 m |
Main landing gear tread | 10' 5' 3.18 m |
Wheel base | 20' 4' 6.20 m |
Passenger cabin length (with bulkhead) | 20' 0' 6.10 m |
Passenger cabin width | 6' 7' 2.01 m |
Passenger cabin height | 6' 0' 1.83 m |
Production History
The first S-92A was delivered to PHI, Inc. of Lafayette Louisiana on September, 27, 2004. By early 2012 over 150 S-92A helicopters have been delivered to customers worldwide with 400,000 total flight hours. Production is ongoing. For current information on the S-92 Program, go to the Sikorsky web site at http://www.sikorsky.com/Index
S-92A First Production Delivery September 2004
Trials In Tainted Space Deck 92 Series
Prepared by Vinny Devine
March 2012
Trials In Tainted Space Deck 92 Full
for additional reading see NEWSLETTER JULY 2012 AND NEWSLETTER JULY 2013